Intermodulation
Two different rf signals whose interaction results in the forming of nonlinear spurious emissions.
See Also: Intermodulation Distortion
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Embedded Local Oscillator Capability
S93084B
The S93084B tunes the network analyzer’s receivers to the output frequency of the converter under test without having to access internal LOs or a common reference signals. For converters with embedded LOs, this enables measurements of match-corrected conversion loss/gain and absolute group delay (requires S93082B and S93083B), gain compression versus frequency (requires S93086B), intermodulation distortion (requires S93087B), and noise figure (requires S93029B).
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Intermodulation Distortion Measurements
S93087B
The S93087B intermodulation distortion (IMD) measurement makes it very easy to set-up and calibrate swept IMD measurements with a spectrum-analyzer-like display. Not available with Option 200, 210, 400 and 410.
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 4 GHz, SP4T
87104P
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87104P is a low PIM SP4T coaxial switch, operating from DC to 4 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency, and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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PXIe-5654, 10 GHz or 20 GHz RF Signal Generator
783126-01
The PXIe‑5654 features an ideal combination of exceptional phase noise and frequency tuning time. These features address applications such as blocker test/receiver desensitization, high-performance intermodulation distortion measurements, and various electronic warfare applications. The PXIe‑5654 is designed to meet the challenging requirements of RFIC characterization, satellite test, and radar applications.
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PXIe-5654, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator
783126-02
PXIe, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator - The PXIe-5654 features a combination of exceptional phase noise and frequency tuning time. These features address applications such as blocker test/receiver desensitization, high-performance intermodulation distortion measurements, and various electronic warfare applications. The PXIe-5654 is designed to meet the challenging requirements of RFIC characterization, satellite test, and radar applications. Some PXIe-5654 options include a PXIe-5696 Amplitude Extender Module. The PXIe-5696 supports a frequency range of 250 kHz to 20 GHz and an extended amplitude range up to 27 dBm.
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Probes, Clamp-On
EM-6987 | 1 KHz – 110 MHz
The EM-6987 is capable of measuring signals and noise superimposed on power currents up to 300 A from DC to 400 Hz. Intermodulation effects on current probe output are also negligible.
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CATV & SAT IF Optical Receiver Module
MRS-26D
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
*Ultra low noise push-pull technology *Band width of 2.7 GHz* 46dB CNR (typ.) for NISC with OMI = 4% at –8dBm optical input power @ 1550nm* 20dBmV RF output level (-5dBm,1550nm,OMI=4%)* Very low intermodulations *Low power consumption *Small package with single-mode fiber pigtail *Integrated optical demultiplexer (WDM filer) for RF overlay applications *Monitor voltage output and output disable input
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 20 GHz, SP6T
87106Q
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87106Q is a low PIM SP6T coaxial switch, operating from DC to 20 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency, and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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PXIe Digitizer: 500 MSa/s, 14 bit, 200 MHz
M3102A
The M3102A PXIe digitizer is ideal for general purpose digitizer automated test requirements. It offers high channel density with an advanced data acquisition systems (DAQ). The optional real-time sequencing, inter-module synchronization, and graphical FPGA programming software tools expand its capability to enable a number of solutions including angle of arrival (AoA), baseband electronics designs, wireless device manufacturing and multi-channel coherent signal acquisition.
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Spectrum Analyzers
GAOTek spectrum analyzers can monitor the levels of spurious signals, such as intermodulation products, noise, harmonics and other signals, to see whether they meet the required levels by displaying the frequency of the signals on the horizontal scale and the amplitude of signals on the vertical scale. GAOTek sells these spectrum analyzers to the United States, Canada and Globally.
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Standard Mechanical Calibration Kit, DC To 7.5 GHz, 7–16 (male)
85038M
Modern wireless communication systems require high-performance components offering low VSWR and low intermodulation distortion at high transmit power levels. To meet these needs, 7-16 connectors are becoming increasingly common in base station transmitters, amplifiers, duplexers, and other products. These connectors conform to IEC 169-4, DIN 47223, European standard EN 122190, and British standard BSEN 122190.
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PXIe-5654, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator
783127-01
PXIe, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator - The PXIe-5654 features a combination of exceptional phase noise and frequency tuning time. These features address applications such as blocker test/receiver desensitization, high-performance intermodulation distortion measurements, and various electronic warfare applications. The PXIe-5654 is designed to meet the challenging requirements of RFIC characterization, satellite test, and radar applications. Some PXIe-5654 options include a PXIe-5696 Amplitude Extender Module. The PXIe-5696 supports a frequency range of 250 kHz to 20 GHz and an extended amplitude range up to 27 dBm.
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Materials Lab XM
The Materials Lab XM product provides a fully integrated reference grade time domain and AC measurement platform. No need to switch sample connections between techniques. Time domain measurements include I-V (current voltage) characterization as well as fast pulse techniques. AC testing techniques include everything from single-sine analysis, to multisine / Fast Fourier Transform for faster low frequency analysis, to harmonics and intermodulation for testing linearity and breakdown of materials. Measurements of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), admittance, permittivity and capacitance are all provided from the XM-studio MTS software platform, together with integrated equivalent circuit analysis functionality.
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Audio Generator
AG-51
The AG-51 Audio Generator contains a low distortion 20 Hz to 200 kHz sine wave generator, an SMPTE standard intermodulation signal generator and a fixed frequency sine wave generator at 3.15 kHz for wow and flutter tests. Signal outputs are simultaneously available at levels of up to +20 dBm (equivalent sine wave power for complex signals) at separate left (L OUT) and right (R OUT) output connectors. Outputs may be selected for left (L) only, right (R) only, left and right in phase (L+R), and left and right in phase opposition (L-R). Fully balanced or unbalanced outputs at impedance levels 150 ohms or 600 ohms are front panel selectable. Three precision attenuators (10, 1.0 and 0.1 dB) provide a dynamic range of 99.9 dB in 0.1 dB steps. Attenuator dials display the output level directly in dBm in the 150 ohm source impedance configuration. Automatic output leveling circuitry with a built-in self-test feature provides a constant output level thereby eliminating the need for output metering. In the TEST mode the generator output level is reduced to zero, a useful feature during noise measurements.
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Intermodulation Distortion Measurements
S96087B
Easily set up and calibrate swept intermodulation distortion measurements (IMD) measurements using the S96087B software application with the ENA
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 26.5 GHz, Transfer
87222R
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87222R is a low PIM transfer coaxial switch, operating from DC to 26.5 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency, and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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Optical Chopper
SR540
Stanford Research Systems, Inc.
The SR540 chopper will handle all your optical chopping requirements?from simple measurements to dual-beam and intermodulation experiments. The SR540 has a 4-digit frequency display, front-panel frequency control, analog voltage frequency control and two reference outputs with selectable operating modes.
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 26.5 GHz, SP4T
87104R
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87104R is a low PIM SP4T coaxial switch, operating from DC to 26.5 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency, and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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47~862MHz FTTH CATV AGC Optical Receiver
H9112G
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
Huatai H9112G, the operating bandwidth of 47~862MHz, Products with high sensitivity optical receiver tube and Huatai special low noise matching circuit,Whether used in analog television or digital television, have high reception sensitivity and excellent intermodulation distortion index. is a low power, high performance, cost-effective triple play, FTTH CATV AGC optical receiver.
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47~1050MHz FTTH Top Ultra Low Light Receiver
H9122TG
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
H9122TG, operating bandwidth of 47 ~ 1050MHz, is a top-level type, ultra low optical CATV receiver, regardless of the aircraft for analog television or digital television, have high reception sensitivity and excellent intermodulation distortion index. Built-in light AGC, a high optical power when receiving, play limiter output, so H9122TG at + 2 ~-24dBm large dynamic range of received optical power, and have excellent characteristics.
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47~862MHz AGC FTTP CATV Optical Receiver
P9128G
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
Huatai P9128G, operating bandwidth of 47 ~ 862MHz, with AGC function (Pin = + 2 ~ -8dBm, Vo = 88dBμV), is a suitable for low-power fiber to the home (FTTH) applications, high-performance, cost-effective CATV optical receiver. Whether the machine is used analog television or digital television, have high reception sensitivity and excellent intermodulation distortion index.
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3-Channel LOW PIM Attenuator
Corry Micronics' 3 channel, LOW PIM attenuator covers the 400 to 3000 MHz frequency range and has been specifically designed for major mobile access carriers who are attempting to measure or monitor passive intermodulation distortion/interference in communications systems.
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Forward Path NPRT 2200 Noise Power Ratio Test Set
NPRT 2200-F
The NPRT 2200 measures the NPR of a device across a range of power levels. This test quantifies intermodulation distortion and determines the dynamic range of optical transmitters, amplifiers and other active HFC network devices. The included PC software uses predefined test setups to run a "Power Sweep" series of NPR measurements and graph the results.
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 4 GHz, SP6T
87106P
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87106P is a low PIM SP6T coaxial switch, operating from DC to 4 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency, and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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Passive Intermodulation Analyzers
The current standard of PIM testing offers a well-known system of two primary carriers and a calculated PIM frequency, which is monitored via a spectrum analyzer. This provides a measurement of the overall linearity of the antenna system and the surrounding environment.
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PXIe-5654, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator
784776-01
PXIe, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator - The PXIe-5654 features a combination of exceptional phase noise and frequency tuning time. These features address applications such as blocker test/receiver desensitization, high-performance intermodulation distortion measurements, and various electronic warfare applications. The PXIe-5654 is designed to meet the challenging requirements of RFIC characterization, satellite test, and radar applications. Some PXIe-5654 options include a PXIe-5696 Amplitude Extender Module. The PXIe-5696 supports a frequency range of 250 kHz to 20 GHz and an extended amplitude range up to 27 dBm.
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Antenna, Wideband Discone
EM-6115 | 10 KHz – 2 GHz
The EM-6115 is a broad band collinear array allowing very wide Omni-Directional frequency coverage in a single package. Below approximately 100 MHz, the EM-6115 acts as an active vertical rod which offers 10 to 12 dB Greater unsaturated instantaneous dynamic range than competitive antennas (overload field strength: 2 V/meter) which greatly reduces intermodulation generated signals in a typical read world RF environment. In the congested spectrum above 100 MHz the antenna is passive and contributes no intermodulation products so the overload point is determined solely by the receiving instrument. This immunity to overload can often make the difference between useful signal output and an indecipherable jumble of spurious products and is accomplished without compromising sensitivity. The antenna collapses for convenient storage and transport.
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 20 GHz, Matrix
87606Q
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87606Q is a low PIM matrix coaxial switch, operating from DC to 20 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency, and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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PIM Testing
Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. KG
Passive Intermodulation (PIM) is a non-linear response of two or more signals of different frequencies mixing together in a passive device, e.g., antenna, cable, con- nector or splitter. Today, PIM has become a very serious, and challenging issue for mobile operators, equipment vendors, and component manufacturers due to frequency planning in modern communication networks, the usage of high-power transmitters and the usage of more sensitive receivers in base stations. If a PIM with sufficient magnitude generated from a transmitter falls within an adjacent receiver channel, it causes serious interfe- rences to the base station receiver and will significantly degrade the network quality of service.
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Coaxial Switches
An electromechanical switch made primarily for routing microwave signals/RF energy from one point to another within a transmission line. Coaxial switches can be used in either an industrial environment or in the lab. These electromechanical devices are also used for RF testing equipment and in large RF communication systems and networks. Coaxial switches vary by port configuration, switch type, maximum frequency, isolation, insertion loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and package type. Coaxial switches are able to route RF signals over a broad bandwidth from DC to 40 GHz, and are now offered with the Low PIM option which will improve Passive Intermodulation levels from -110dBc (standard switch) to -160dBc.
