Intermodulation
Two different rf signals whose interaction results in the forming of nonlinear spurious emissions.
See Also: Intermodulation Distortion
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Intermodulation Distortion Measurements
S96087B
Easily set up and calibrate swept intermodulation distortion measurements (IMD) measurements using the S96087B software application with the ENA
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Battery Portable Passive Intermodulation Analyzer
iPA Series
The iPA Series Passive Intermodulation (PIM) analyzer is the first battery powered PIM Test Analyzer versatile enough to support multiple test scenarios such as testing at the top of the tower, base of tower, roof top and in-building for DAS systems. This IEC compliant 20W, rugged, battery operated design includes a tablet computer in a ruggedized case for remote control. This allows hands-free dynamic testing that is safe and convenient. Add the optional Range to Fault (RTF) module to quickly identify the location of PIM and Return Loss sources.
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Low Passive Intermodulation (PIM) Coaxial Switches
Low Passive Intermodulation (PIM) Coaxial Switches
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Forward Path NPRT 2200 Noise Power Ratio Test Set
NPRT 2200-F
The NPRT 2200 measures the NPR of a device across a range of power levels. This test quantifies intermodulation distortion and determines the dynamic range of optical transmitters, amplifiers and other active HFC network devices. The included PC software uses predefined test setups to run a "Power Sweep" series of NPR measurements and graph the results.
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PXIe-5654, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator
783126-02
PXIe, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator - The PXIe-5654 features a combination of exceptional phase noise and frequency tuning time. These features address applications such as blocker test/receiver desensitization, high-performance intermodulation distortion measurements, and various electronic warfare applications. The PXIe-5654 is designed to meet the challenging requirements of RFIC characterization, satellite test, and radar applications. Some PXIe-5654 options include a PXIe-5696 Amplitude Extender Module. The PXIe-5696 supports a frequency range of 250 kHz to 20 GHz and an extended amplitude range up to 27 dBm.
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Intermodulation Distortion Measurements
S93087B
The S93087B intermodulation distortion (IMD) measurement makes it very easy to set-up and calibrate swept IMD measurements with a spectrum-analyzer-like display. Not available with Option 200, 210, 400 and 410.
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 26.5 GHz, Transfer
87222R
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87222R is a low PIM transfer coaxial switch, operating from DC to 26.5 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency, and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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Power Divider, DC to 50 GHz
11636C
The Keysight 11636C is a DC to 50 GHz power divider that provides highly accurate direct power dividing and combining. Excellent phase and amplitude tracking ensure accurate impedance matching of all three ports, which improves the fault location measurement by reducing re-reflections and intermodulation distortion.
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Antenna, Wideband Discone
EM-6115 | 10 KHz – 2 GHz
The EM-6115 is a broad band collinear array allowing very wide Omni-Directional frequency coverage in a single package. Below approximately 100 MHz, the EM-6115 acts as an active vertical rod which offers 10 to 12 dB Greater unsaturated instantaneous dynamic range than competitive antennas (overload field strength: 2 V/meter) which greatly reduces intermodulation generated signals in a typical read world RF environment. In the congested spectrum above 100 MHz the antenna is passive and contributes no intermodulation products so the overload point is determined solely by the receiving instrument. This immunity to overload can often make the difference between useful signal output and an indecipherable jumble of spurious products and is accomplished without compromising sensitivity. The antenna collapses for convenient storage and transport.
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PXIe-5654, 10 GHz or 20 GHz RF Signal Generator
783126-01
The PXIe‑5654 features an ideal combination of exceptional phase noise and frequency tuning time. These features address applications such as blocker test/receiver desensitization, high-performance intermodulation distortion measurements, and various electronic warfare applications. The PXIe‑5654 is designed to meet the challenging requirements of RFIC characterization, satellite test, and radar applications.
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Embedded Local Oscillator Capability
S93084B
The S93084B tunes the network analyzer’s receivers to the output frequency of the converter under test without having to access internal LOs or a common reference signals. For converters with embedded LOs, this enables measurements of match-corrected conversion loss/gain and absolute group delay (requires S93082B and S93083B), gain compression versus frequency (requires S93086B), intermodulation distortion (requires S93087B), and noise figure (requires S93029B).
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PXIe-5654, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator
783127-02
PXIe, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator - The PXIe-5654 features a combination of exceptional phase noise and frequency tuning time. These features address applications such as blocker test/receiver desensitization, high-performance intermodulation distortion measurements, and various electronic warfare applications. The PXIe-5654 is designed to meet the challenging requirements of RFIC characterization, satellite test, and radar applications. Some PXIe-5654 options include a PXIe-5696 Amplitude Extender Module. The PXIe-5696 supports a frequency range of 250 kHz to 20 GHz and an extended amplitude range up to 27 dBm.
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 26.5 GHz, SP6T
87106R
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87106R is a low PIM SP6T coaxial switch, operating from DC to 26.5 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency, and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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PIM Testing
Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. KG
Passive Intermodulation (PIM) is a non-linear response of two or more signals of different frequencies mixing together in a passive device, e.g., antenna, cable, con- nector or splitter. Today, PIM has become a very serious, and challenging issue for mobile operators, equipment vendors, and component manufacturers due to frequency planning in modern communication networks, the usage of high-power transmitters and the usage of more sensitive receivers in base stations. If a PIM with sufficient magnitude generated from a transmitter falls within an adjacent receiver channel, it causes serious interfe- rences to the base station receiver and will significantly degrade the network quality of service.
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PXIe Digitizer: 500 MSa/s, 14 bit, 200 MHz
M3102A
The M3102A PXIe digitizer is ideal for general purpose digitizer automated test requirements. It offers high channel density with an advanced data acquisition systems (DAQ). The optional real-time sequencing, inter-module synchronization, and graphical FPGA programming software tools expand its capability to enable a number of solutions including angle of arrival (AoA), baseband electronics designs, wireless device manufacturing and multi-channel coherent signal acquisition.
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PIM Analyzers
A form of intermodulation distortion that occurs in components normally thought of as linear, such as cables, connectors and antennas. However, when subject to the high RF powers found in cellular systems, these devices can generate intermodulation signals at –80 dBm or higher.
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2-port Battery Portable Passive Intermodulation Analyzer - iXA Series
iXA
The Kaelus iXA Series Passive Intermodulation (PIM) analyzer is a dual-port, battery powered PIM Test Analyzer. It supports multiple test scenarios such as testing at the top of the tower, the base of the tower, rooftop, in-building for DAS systems and external PIM Finding.No other PIM tester has ever been integrated to this level! The iXA includes a network of electronic switches to change from one-port to two-port measurement seamlessly. In addition, with integrated Range-to-Fault (RTF) on each port, the user can first troubleshoot the system for internal PIM. Then, without reconnection, the user can progress with the external PIM process, making the entire process much more efficient.With integrated RTF on each port, the user can collect four times more range-to-fault data than the standard 1-port PIM Finder solution. Thus, the user can easily locate and swiftly eliminate the strongest PIM source.
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PXIe-5654, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator
784777-01
PXIe, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator - The PXIe-5654 features a combination of exceptional phase noise and frequency tuning time. These features address applications such as blocker test/receiver desensitization, high-performance intermodulation distortion measurements, and various electronic warfare applications. The PXIe-5654 is designed to meet the challenging requirements of RFIC characterization, satellite test, and radar applications. Some PXIe-5654 options include a PXIe-5696 Amplitude Extender Module. The PXIe-5696 supports a frequency range of 250 kHz to 20 GHz and an extended amplitude range up to 27 dBm.
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Passive Intermodulation Analyzers
The current standard of PIM testing offers a well-known system of two primary carriers and a calculated PIM frequency, which is monitored via a spectrum analyzer. This provides a measurement of the overall linearity of the antenna system and the surrounding environment.
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CATV & SAT IF Optical Receiver Module
MRS-26D
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
*Ultra low noise push-pull technology *Band width of 2.7 GHz* 46dB CNR (typ.) for NISC with OMI = 4% at –8dBm optical input power @ 1550nm* 20dBmV RF output level (-5dBm,1550nm,OMI=4%)* Very low intermodulations *Low power consumption *Small package with single-mode fiber pigtail *Integrated optical demultiplexer (WDM filer) for RF overlay applications *Monitor voltage output and output disable input
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47~862MHz FTTP High Output CATV Optical Receiver
P9134
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
Huatai P9134, operating bandwidth of 47 ~ 862MHz, regardless of the aircraft used for analog TV or digital TV, both with high receiver sensitivity and excellent intermodulation distortion indicators. At high optical power receiver can adjust the level by PAD, played limiting output, so P9134 at +2 dBm ~-20dBm received optical power of large dynamic the range, have excellent properties:
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PXIe-5654, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator
784776-02
PXIe, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator - The PXIe-5654 features a combination of exceptional phase noise and frequency tuning time. These features address applications such as blocker test/receiver desensitization, high-performance intermodulation distortion measurements, and various electronic warfare applications. The PXIe-5654 is designed to meet the challenging requirements of RFIC characterization, satellite test, and radar applications. Some PXIe-5654 options include a PXIe-5696 Amplitude Extender Module. The PXIe-5696 supports a frequency range of 250 kHz to 20 GHz and an extended amplitude range up to 27 dBm.
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Probes, Clamp-On
EM-6987 | 1 KHz – 110 MHz
The EM-6987 is capable of measuring signals and noise superimposed on power currents up to 300 A from DC to 400 Hz. Intermodulation effects on current probe output are also negligible.
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Dual Channel Mini-SAS I/O FMC
FM550
Sundance Multiprocessor Technology Ltd.
The FM550 is an I/O module equipped with two external mini-SAS x4 connectors. I/O FMCs of this sort are typically used to provide inter-module connectivity via the front-panels of carrier cards fitted with similar interfaces, or fan-out to multiple external devices such as mini-SAS drives.
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47~862MHz AGC FTTP CATV Optical Receiver
P9128G
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
Huatai P9128G, operating bandwidth of 47 ~ 862MHz, with AGC function (Pin = + 2 ~ -8dBm, Vo = 88dBμV), is a suitable for low-power fiber to the home (FTTH) applications, high-performance, cost-effective CATV optical receiver. Whether the machine is used analog television or digital television, have high reception sensitivity and excellent intermodulation distortion index.
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Coaxial Switches
An electromechanical switch made primarily for routing microwave signals/RF energy from one point to another within a transmission line. Coaxial switches can be used in either an industrial environment or in the lab. These electromechanical devices are also used for RF testing equipment and in large RF communication systems and networks. Coaxial switches vary by port configuration, switch type, maximum frequency, isolation, insertion loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and package type. Coaxial switches are able to route RF signals over a broad bandwidth from DC to 40 GHz, and are now offered with the Low PIM option which will improve Passive Intermodulation levels from -110dBc (standard switch) to -160dBc.
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PXIe-5654, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator
783127-01
PXIe, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator - The PXIe-5654 features a combination of exceptional phase noise and frequency tuning time. These features address applications such as blocker test/receiver desensitization, high-performance intermodulation distortion measurements, and various electronic warfare applications. The PXIe-5654 is designed to meet the challenging requirements of RFIC characterization, satellite test, and radar applications. Some PXIe-5654 options include a PXIe-5696 Amplitude Extender Module. The PXIe-5696 supports a frequency range of 250 kHz to 20 GHz and an extended amplitude range up to 27 dBm.
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 20 GHz, SP4T
87104Q
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87104Q is a low PIM SP4T coaxial switch, operating from DC to 20 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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47~862MHz FTTH CATV Optical Receiver
H9122
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
Huatai H9122, the operating bandwidth of 47~862MHz, Products with high sensitivity optical receiver tube and Huatai special low noise matching circuit,Whether used in analog television or digital television, have high reception sensitivity and excellent intermodulation distortion index. is a low power, high performance, cost-effective triple play, FTTH CATV optical receiver.
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PXIe-5654, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator
784776-01
PXIe, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator - The PXIe-5654 features a combination of exceptional phase noise and frequency tuning time. These features address applications such as blocker test/receiver desensitization, high-performance intermodulation distortion measurements, and various electronic warfare applications. The PXIe-5654 is designed to meet the challenging requirements of RFIC characterization, satellite test, and radar applications. Some PXIe-5654 options include a PXIe-5696 Amplitude Extender Module. The PXIe-5696 supports a frequency range of 250 kHz to 20 GHz and an extended amplitude range up to 27 dBm.
