Campbell Scientific offers a variety of sensors for measuring air temperature. The electrical signals transmitted from the sensors to our dataloggers can be converted to different units of measurement, including °C , °F, and °K. Our dataloggers are also capable of measuring most commercially available air temperature sensors.
Air temperature and relative humidity probes typically consist of two separate sensors packaged in the same housing. Often relative humidity is measured with a capacitive RH sensor, while air temperature is measured by a PRT.
Barometric pressure sensors measure fluctuations in the pressure exerted by the atmosphere. The sensors require protection from condensing humidity, precipitation, and water ingress. They are typically housed with the datalogger inside an environmental enclosure. If the enclosure is airtight, the sensor's pressure port must be vented to the atmosphere.
Campbell Scientific offers ceilometers that use lidar (light detection and ranging) technology to measure cloud height, vertical visibility, and mixing layer height. While they are best known for their use in aircraft operations at airports and oil platform helipads, ceilometers are also used by meteorologists for boundary layer research and air-quality applications.
High-resolution digital cameras with video capabilities are used to take still images or videos based on an internal timer, motion detection, or a trigger from another device. The images or videos are then stored on an SD card, saved in a datalogger's memory, sent to a PC via email, or transmitted to an FTP server.
Dissolved oxygen sensors measure the amount of oxygen present in a medium, typically water. The sensors generate signals proportional to the amount of oxygen present, which are then transmitted to dataloggers. Dissolved oxygen is a critical parameter in many aquacultural applications, playing a key role in determining when aerators should be started.
Electrical current sensors detect the flow of current along an electrical wire by measuring (or sensing) the magnetic field that is generated by the flow of electrical current. The sensors output signals that are transmitted to dataloggers
Evaporation gauges determine the evaporation rate by measuring the changing water level in an evaporation pan. The gauges consist of a float, pulley, and counterweight attached to a potentiometer mounted through a gear assembly in weatherproof housing. The evaporation gauges produce a resistance output that dataloggers can measure.
Fuel moisture and fuel temperature sensors emulate and measure the moisture content and temperature of similarly sized twigs on the forest floor. The sensors are typically used as part of larger systems, such as fire weather stations with dataloggers and telemetry capability, to remotely assess changing fuel conditions and potential fire hazards.
GPS sensors are receivers with antennas that use a satellite-based navigation system with a network of 24 satellites in orbit around the earth to provide position, velocity, and timing information.
Heat, vapor, and carbon-dioxide flux sensors are typically used in eddy-covariance systems to measure exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and heat between the surface of the earth and the atmosphere.
Campbell Scientific offers two types of leaf wetness sensors to measure the wetness of leaves: surface contact and electrical resistance. Surface contact sensors measure the electrical resistance of a water film on their surface. Electrical resistance sensors imitate the characteristics of leaves and measure the dielectric constant of their upper surfaces.
Campbell Scientific pH sensors measure the level of pH in sample solutions by measuring the activity of the hydrogen ions in the solutions. This activity is compared to pure water (a neutral solution) using a pH scale of 0 to 14 to determine the acidity or alkalinity of the sample solutions.
Campbell Scientific offers several types of sensors to measure precipitation: tipping bucket rain gages, siphoning tipping bucket rain gages, heated rain gages, and snowfall adapters. Users often select their precipitation sensors based on the type of precipitation to be measured (rain or snow), as well as the needed orifice diameter, measurement range, and accuracy level.
Present weather sensors use a laser-based technology to measure the size and velocity of water droplets in the air to determine visibility, measure precipitation rate, and identify precipitation type (for example, drizzle, rain, snow, and hail). These sensors are often incorporated in automatic weather stations for road, marine, and airport applications.
Campbell Scientific offers two types of sensors for snowpack applications: snow water equivalent (SWE) sensors and snow depth sensors. SWE sensors measure the amount of water contained within a snowpack. Snow depth sensors measure the depth of the snowpack.
Soil heat flux sensors may consist of several thermocouples whose measurements are averaged, a single thermopile, or a single thermopile with a film heater. These sensors measure the rate of energy transferred through a surface. Data regarding the amount of energy stored in soil as a function of time is used in energy-balance and Bowen-ratio flux systems.
Soil temperature sensors come in a variety of designs using thermistors, thermocouples, thermocouple wires, and averaging thermocouples. The electrical signals transmitted from the sensors to our dataloggers can be converted to different units of measurement, including °C , °F, and °K. Our dataloggers are also capable of measuring most commercially available soil temperature sensors.
Campbell Scientific offers soil water potential sensors that measure soil water potential via two methods: heat dissipation or electrical resistance. The sensors determine the energy status of the water in the soil, which describes the force that holds the water in the soil.
The solar radiation sensors that Campbell Scientific offers come in a variety of designs: pyranometers, net radiometers, quantum sensors, and pyrheliometers. These sensors measure various aspects of the energy imparted by the sun on the Earth’s surface. A leveling fixture fitted with a bubble level may be required to accurately install solar radiation sensors.
Campbell Scientific offers two types of surface temperature sensors: infrared temperature (non-contact) and surface contact. Infrared temperature sensors measure the surface temperature of an object or surface by sensing the infrared radiation given off by the subject. Surface contact sensors attach directly to a surface and measure the temperature via physical contact.
Turbidity sensors measure the amount of light that is scattered by the suspended solids in water. As the amount of total suspended solids (TSS) in water increases, the water's turbidity level (and cloudiness or haziness) increases. Turbidity sensors are used in river and stream gaging, wastewater and effluent measurements, control instrumentation for settling ponds, sediment transport research, and laboratory measurements.
Campbell Scientific offers visibility sensors that use infrared forward-scatter technology. These sensors report meteorological observable range (MOR) for fog and snow. Visibility sensors are often used in road, marine, aviation, and wind-energy applications.
Water conductivity sensors are used in water-quality applications to measure how well a solution conducts an electrical current. This type of measurement assesses the concentration of ions in the solution. The more ions that are in the solution, the higher the conductivity.
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