Keystone Compliance
Keystone Compliance is a full-service regulatory compliance laboratory offering solutions for nearly all EMC/EMI, environmental and product safety testing requirements. Keystone prides itself on being the engineer’s laboratory due to our focus on the four main points of a lab; staff, facility, equipment and location.
- 724-657-9940
- 724-324-9920
- customerservice@keystonecompliance.com
- sales@keystonecompliance.com
- 131 Columbus Inner Belt
New Castel, PA 16101
United States
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Electromagnetic Pulse
EMP
An electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a short burst of electromagnetic energy that can be extremely damaging to electronic equipment. EMP energy can be transferred in the form of electromagnetic radiation, an electric field, electrical conduction or a magnetic field. Since EMPs have a short duration, their impact can occur across large ranges of frequencies. EMPs can be produced naturally, occur from man-made equipment. Natural EMPs include lightning strikes and electrostatic discharges (ESD), geomagnetic storms/coronal mass ejections of solar origin. Man-made EMPs include power line surges, pulses created by ignition systems, nuclear electromagnetic pulses (NEMP) and non-nuclear electromagnetic pulses (NNEMP).
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Altitude Testing
Altitude testing, also referred to as low pressure testing, per MIL-STD 810 Method 502.4, is performed to ensure that equipment can withstand and operate in a low pressure test or high altitude test environment. Altitude testing is intended to be used for air shipment of material in a plane, equipment designed for installation at high ground elevations and explosive decompression due to aircraft damage. Manufacturers of any device that is transported by air should consider the impact high altitude testing or low-pressure testing could have on their products. A low pressure test can simulate the problems high altitude can create such as:
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Electrostatic Discharge Testing / ESD Testing
Electrostatic discharge testing, also known as ESD testing is an essential test for many product. Electrostatic discharge can cause a number of problems including but not limited to mechanical failures, coal dust explosions, fuel vapor explosions and bodily injury. ESD is the sudden transfer of electricity between to electrically charged objects. This electrostatic transfer can be caused by contact, dielectric breakdown or an electrical short. ESD testing simulates various electrostatic impacts that equipment might experience either during transit or operation. The impact of electrostatic discharge can be significant whether the ESD even is so slight that is undetectable by hearing or sight or as spectacular as electrical sparks or lightning. An electrostatic discharge test determines whether a product is in compliance with its ESD protective area and procedures. Electronics manufacturers must identify ESD-reducing measures when their products are either susceptible to ESD or likely to create ESD. These measures can include establishing electrostatic protective areas that are free of static, controlling humidity, using measures to eliminate charging such as avoiding highly charging materials and taking steps to remove static such as grounding human workers or requiring antistatic devices. An ESD test confirms that the equipment correctly operates per the test requirement and the manufacturer’s operating procedures.
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Dynamics Testing
Keystone Compliance is a drop test lab capable of testing products to the drop testing requirements of various test standards including the random drop test in MIL-STD 202. Our drop test machine is capable of precise drops from different heights at different angles and onto different surfaces. Our three shakers can simulate loose cargo test conditions that might be experienced as a product is in transit.
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EMC Testing
Keystone Compliance is a unique EMC test facility because of our focus on assisting our customers achieve the measurements and certifications that they are seeking. Our lab features three 3-meter EMC chambers and two military/aerospace EMC chambers. In addition to the chambers, the lab significant ground planes, equipment and software that optimize the efficiency of the testing. EMC TestingKeystone Compliance is a unique EMC test facility because of our focus on assisting our customers achieve the measurements and certifications that they are seeking. Our lab features three 3-meter EMC chambers and two military/aerospace EMC chambers. In addition to the chambers, the lab significant ground planes, equipment and software that optimize the efficiency of the testing.Our EMC/EMI testing capabilities include but are not limited to:Radiated immunity testing up to 200 V/m from 10 kHz to 40 GHzRadiated emissions testing up to 40 GHzSurge testing to 10kV/10kA – and higherElectrostatic Discharge “ESD” testing up to 30 kVConducted immunity testing to levels well above the highest defined “standard” levelsMagnetic field immunity testing up to 100 A/m continuous and 1000 A/m short/impulseCustomized transient waveforms to extend level, duration and/or repetition of the standard’s definitionShielding Effectiveness from small panels and boxes all the way up to large enclosures and cabling, with a wide dynamic range all the way to 40 GHzWhat differentiates Keystone Compliance from other EMI test labs is our consultative engineering and expedited EMI test reports. Our staff understand EMC/EMI testing and has extensive experience with radiated immunity, radiated emissions, conducted immunity, conducted emissions, surge, ESD and shielding effectiveness testing. We also cater to specialized testing requirements. If you do not see the test standard or testing requirement you are looking for, please contact us as we may still be able to assist you.For more information about our scope of accreditation, please visit the links below.CISPR StandardsIEC/EN Product Family StandardsIEC/EN Test StandardsISO, SAE and Vehicle StandardsMilitary StandardsFCC, North American and International StandardsShielding Effectiveness TestingLightning and Surge Testing
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Drop Testing
Drop testing, per MIL-STD 202 Method 203, is used to determine the effects on component parts of random drops tested and repeated impact due to handling, shipping, and other field service conditions. This drop testing is an accelerated test designed to indicate structural and mechanical weaknesses of types not necessarily detected in shock and vibration tests. Package drop testing can help determine the survivability of a product’s packaging and help manufacturers identify potential warranty issues from poor packaging or improper handling instructions.
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Climatics Testing
Keystone Compliance operates an altitude test chamber capable of simulated altitudes up to 100,000 feet while providing temperature conditioning from -70 to +100 degrees Celsius.
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Shielding Effectiveness Test
Shielding effectiveness testing determines the ability of material to reduce the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive and/or magnetic materials. Shielding effectiveness testing can be applied to a broad range of radio frequencies. Electromagnetic Shielding is typically applied to both enclosures and cables. The shielding can reduce the coupling or radio waves, electromagnetic fields and electrostatic fields. The amount of reduction can vary based on the material used, its thickness, the size of the shielded volume and the frequency of the fields of interest. Also impacting the effectiveness of the shielding is the size, shape and orientation or apertures in a shield to an incident electromagnetic field. Electromagnetic shielding that blocks radio frequency electromagnetic radiation is also known as RF Shielding.
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Immersion Testing
Keystone Compliance offers immersion testing to depths exceeding 100 feet. Immersion test setups are often unique to the test article and require the use of specialized pressure vessels. With multiple pressure vessels available, Keystone Compliance is able to offer immersion testing of various-sized test articles to almost any depth. Keystone Compliance operates various pressure vessels and associated support equipment. Keystone equipment is capable of simulating depths beyond 100 feet. One of the immersion test tanks measures 16 feet tall and has a radius of three feet.
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Icing and Freezing Rain Testing
Icing and Freezing Rain testing is performed within any of our environmental chambers. With a drive-in chamber of 12’ wide x 15’ deep x 10’ tall, we are capable of performing icing and freezing rain tests on large test articles. Specially designed atomizing nozzles and pre-chilled water are used for the rapid formation of ice up to the prescribed thickness. With years of icing and freezing rain test experience, Keystone personnel have the knowledge to reach the desired ice thickness quickly and reduce test time and cost.
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Lightning Testing and Surge Immunity Testing
Keystone Compliance offers engineering services for standard and custom lightning transient immunity testing requirements and surge immunity testing requirements. Lightning testing can be completed in single-stroke, multiple-stroke and multiple-burst testing. Direct lightning testing is typically required for exterior aircraft systems. Indirect lightning testing is required for most aircraft electronics, both internal and external. Indirect lightning simulates secondary currents and voltages that travel through circuitry and cabling. The testing is also referred to as a surge immunity test.
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Humidity Testing
Keystone Compliance offers temperature and temperature humidity testing in chambers ranging from small bench top to large drive-in systems. Our largest chamber was specifically oversized in design. With inside dimensions of 12’ wide x 15’ long x 10’ tall and an 8’ x 9’ door, Keystone Compliance is capable of moving, installing, and testing multiple rack assemblies. Keystone Compliance also operates a large walk-in chamber that is specially equipped with twin 30 hp compressors and is capable of temperature transition rates exceeding 15 degrees Celsius per minute.
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Salt-Fog Testing
Keystone Compliance has a salt fog chamber that is one of the largest salt fog chambers manufactured and has an inside dimension of 8’ x 4’ x 4’. However, we have created custom oversized chambers to accommodate much larger devices including cars, drones and large pieces of machinery. If you have a large unit, we can likely find a way to test it. The chamber is capable of salt fog testing, salt mist testing, salt spray testing and salt laden testing as described in most popular test specifications.
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Reliability Testing
The reliability test program includes a number of qualification tests based on the type of product, the environment within which it is anticipated to operate in and estimated product weaknesses. Establishing an effective but practical and affordable test program can be a challenge. Reducing the number of units tested or the scope of testing might not yield a sufficient sample of results. Testing multiple units or having an expansive test program can be very time consuming and expensive. A very good resource for establishing a reliability test program is MIL-HDBK-781: Handbook for Reliability Test Methods, Plans and Environments for Engineering, Development, Qualification and Production. This handbook provides test methods, test plans and test environmental profiles which can be used in reliability testing during the development, qualification, and production of systems and equipment.
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Vibration Testing
Vibration testing is essential to determining the ability of a product to withstand the conditions that it might experience either during operation or transit. As important as vibration testing is, selecting the right vibration lab to work with is even more important. It is common for units to be over-tested or improperly fixtured. An incorrect fixture can either mask problems with a unit or create a failures that do not actually exist. Proper vibration fixturing is crucial and something that the dynamics testing team at Keystone Compliance is very experienced with.
